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Assessment of airway inflammation in the clinical course of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) may advance our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment.To assess airway inflammation in patients during the course of AECOPD by serial analyses of their exhaled breath condensates (EBC).Twenty-six patients with AECOPD (22 males, mean[SD] percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) 44.8 [14.3]), 11 with stable COPD, and 14 age and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. Patients with AECOPD were treated with systemic steroid and antibiotic for 7 days. EBC was collected from each patient with AECOPD on Day 5, 14, 30, and 60 post-hospitalization using EcoScreen (VIASYS Healthcare, USA) during tidal breathing over 10 minutes. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The median (IQR) of TNF-alpha level on Day 5 was 5.08 (3.80-6.32) pg/ml, which was lower than on Day 14 (5.84 [4.91-9.14] pg/ml, p = 0.017), Day 30 (6.14 [3.82-7.67] pg/ml, p = 0.045), and Day 60 (5.60 [4.53-8.80] pg/ml, p = 0.009). On Day 60, subjects receiving inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) had a lower level of TNF-alpha than those who were not (4.82 [4.06-5.65] vs 7.66 [5.48-10.9] pg/ml, p = 0.02). EBC LTB4 level did not change significantly during recovery from AECOPD whereas IL-8 was mostly undetectable.EBC TNF-alpha level was low in patients receiving systemic steroid and antibiotic therapy for AECOPD. These findings suggest a potential role for serial EBC TNF-alpha for non-invasive monitoring of disease activity.

international journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/international journal of copd

Measurement of tumor necrosis factor-&amp;alpha;, leukotriene B4, and interleukin 8 in the exhaled breath condensate in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease