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The interaction of electrons with a periodic potential of atoms incrystalline solids gives rise to band structure. The band structure of existingmaterials can be measured by photoemission spectroscopy and accuratelyunderstood in terms of the tight-binding model, however not many experimentalapproaches exist that allow to tailor artificial crystal lattices using abottom-up approach. The ability to engineer and study atomically crafteddesigner materials by scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS)helps to understand the emergence of material properties. Here, we use atommanipulation of individual vacancies in a chlorine monolayer on Cu(100) toconstruct one- and two-dimensional structures of various densities and sizes.Local STS measurements reveal the emergence of quasiparticle bands, evidencedby standing Bloch waves, with tuneable dispersion. The experimental data areunderstood in terms of a tight-binding model combined with an additionalbroadening term that allows an estimation of the coupling to the underlyingsubstrate.

Emergence of quasiparticle Bloch states in artificial crystals crafted atom-by-atom