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Critical Casimir interactions represent a perfect example of bath-inducedforces at mesoscales. These forces may have a relevant role in the livingsystems as well as a role in the design of nanomachines fueled by environmentalfluctuations. Since the thermal fluctuations are enhanced in the vicinity of ademixing point of a second-order phase transition, we can modulate themagnitude and range of these Casimir-like forces by slight changes in thetemperature. Here, we consider two optical trapped colloidal beads inside abinary mixture. The Casimir interaction is controlled by warming the mixture bylaser-induced heating, whose local application ensures high reproducibility.Once this two-particle system is warmed, the critical behavior of differentobservables allows the system to become its self-thermometer. We use thisexperimental scheme for analyzing the energetics of a critical colloidal systemunder a non-equilibrium-driven protocol. We quantify how the injected work canbe dissipated to the environment as heat or stored as free energy. Indeed, oursystem allows us to use the fluctuation theorems framework for analyzing theperformance of this critically driven toy model. Our work paves the way forfuture experimental studies on the non-equilibrium features of bath-inducedforces and the design of critically driven nanosystems.

Laser-induced heating for the experimental study of critical Casimir forces with optical trapping