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The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum time of artificial insemination after the beginning of standing estrus in buffalo. Nili-Ravi buffalo (n = 109) during breeding season were exposed to teaser bull at 12 hours interval to determine the standing heat (0 h). Buffalo were randomly allocated to different time groups and a single artificial insemination was performed either at 0 h (n = 30), 12 h (n = 27), 24 h (n = 28) or 36 h (n = 24). In a subset of buffalo (n = 38) ultrasonography was performed, twice daily from 0 h (onset of standing heat) to determine the time of ovulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 35-40 days after AI. Results revealed that mean time of ovulation from onset of standing heat was 34.7 ± 0.96 h (range 30 to 42 h). Higher (P < 0.05) pregnancy per AI were achieved in buffalo when inseminated at 24 h (15/28; 53%) compared to 0 h (8/30; 26%) and 36 h (3/24; 13%). Pregnancy per AI, was in-between, in buffalo, inseminated at 12 h (10/27; 37%) and did not differ (P > 0.05) with those bred either at 24 h or 0 h. The odds ratio further confirmed that the occurrence of pregnancy per AI was two times higher in buffalo inseminated at 24 h as compared to those at 12 h. It is concluded that optimal pregnancy per AI can be achieved when buffalo are bred artificially 24 h after the onset of standing heat.

Effect of timing of artificial insemination in relation to onset of standing estrus on pregnancy per AI in Nili-Ravi buffalo