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<p class="noindent">Previous work on experimental and theoretical studies on fiber-reinforced bearings has shown the feasibility of using them as lightweight low-cost elastomeric isolators for application to housing, schools and other public buildings in highly seismic areas of the developing world. The theoretical analysis covered the mechanical characteristics of these bearings where the reinforcing elements, normally steel plates, are replaced by fiber reinforcement. The fiber in the fiber-reinforced isolator, in contrast to the steel in the conventional isolator (which is assumed to be rigid both in extension and flexure), is assumed to be flexible in extension, but completely without flexural rigidity. This leads to an extension of the theoretical analysis on which the design of steel-reinforced isolators is based that accommodates the stretching of the fiber-reinforcement. Several examples of isolators in the form of long strips were tested at the Earthquake Engineering Research Center Laboratory. </p>

Analysis of the run-in effect in fiber-reinforced isolators under vertical load