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The relatively few studies of the Irish social welfare system have focused mainlyon the forces behind the introduction of social welfare schemes rather than theimpact which these schemes had in demographic and labour market terms. Thisnote presents a preliminary examination of the issues and evidence concerningthe impact of two significant schemes: the widow’s pension and children’sallowance. Its findings are significantly limited by the non-availability of dataconcerning, for example, the living arrangements of widows and large families inthe relevant period. The main findings are as follows:1. In those areas for which there is data, albeit imperfect in many cases, there islimited, if any, indication of a significant impact of the introduction of theseschemes, for example, in relation to the remarriage rate of widows, theemployment rate of married women, the numbers of children in care, levels offertility or marriage.2. The one area where there would appear to be an impact is in theemployment rate of widows, where the introduction of widows pension appearsto have accelerated an ongoing decline.3. In relation to poverty, there is no direct evidence of poverty rates in publisheddata. However, the introduction of widows pensions must have improved thefinancial position of such widows as the introduction of children’s allowance musthave improved the financial position of larger families.4. There is a co-occurrence of the introduction of children’s allowance and thefall in infant mortality. However, despite other studies which suggest a strong linkbetween the two, it is suggested that that the link may be less direct and that it ismore likely to reflect concurrent, but as yet, unquantified, improvements inchildren’s health care staff. This is not to say that the improvement in thefinancial position of families had no impact on infant mortality.This preliminary study suggests that the published data provides quite limitedinformation on the impact of social welfare schemes, and that in order toinvestigate this further, examination of original Census material, such as, forexample, housing conditions and employment rates by family size would berequired.

The Impact of the Introduction of Social Welfare Schemes in Ireland, (1930s-1950s)