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Many college and university 403(b) plans restrict investment choices to the funds offered by TIAA-CREF, the current manager of over half of all 403(b) contributions. In the face of 2006 Internal Revenue Code changes some sponsors are dropping alternatives to TIAA-CREF. Using historical data, we study the efficiency of the TIAA-CREF opportunity set relative to a larger set that includes several standard index funds. Assuming optimal rebalancing, depending on loss- aversion, financial sophistication, and diversification constraints, over a forty-year work-life, an employee who is restricted to TIAA-CREF could lose more than half of terminal wealth, compared to investing in the expanded menu. Even when a naïve diversification strategy of equally weighting (1/n) all available funds is used, the expanded menu outperforms the restricted portfolio by about one-third over the employee's work-life.

What's in Your 403(b)? Academic Retirement Plans and the Costs of Underdiversification