English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

We compute actuarially fair contribution rates (aggregating both employers’ and employees’ contributions) for the USS pension scheme, using UK life tables and market yield curves. The fair rate is sensitive to life expectancy and the level of real yields, neither of which appears stationary. So any scheme predicated on a constant contribution rate is inherently unstable. We therefore argue that, to survive, defined benefit schemes such as USS must explicitly incorporate time variation in contribution rates, ideally along with some dependence on individual characteristics. Our formulae in principle provide an objective, verifiable and implementable methodology to calculate such fair contribution rates.

'Sustainable and Affordable'? Actuarially Fair Contribution Rates for the USS Pension Scheme