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The paper uses a data base on regulation, market structure and performance in the air passenger transportation industry, to analyse the links among liberalisation, private ownership, competition, efficiency and airfares at national and route levels. Covering the 1996-97 travel season, 21 aggregate indicators have been developed for 27 OECD countries, and 23 micro indicators for 102 air routes connecting 14 major international airports. These data, summarised by means of factor analysis show that i) regulations affecting the air industry vary heavily across countries and routes; ii) in most markets, air services are still provided by a few carriers, generally dominated by an incumbent flag-carrier or by an airline alliance between incumbents; iii) only in a few cases new entrant airlines play a significant role; iv) in a large number of airports, a single airline controls more than half of the available slots; v) as a result, few international routes are truly open to ... Cette etude utilise une base de donnees concernant la regulation, la structure des marches et la performance dans le transport aerien de passagers, au niveau national ainsi qu’au niveau des lignes, pour analyser les liens entre d’une part la liberalisation, la privatisation et la concurrence et, d’autre part, l’efficacite de l’industrie et les tarifs des voyages aeriens. Pour la saison 1996-97, il a ete possible de developper 21 indicateurs agreges pour 27 pays de l’OCDE et 23 indicateurs detailles pour 102 lignes aeriennes reliant 14 grands aeroports internationaux. Ces donnees, synthetisees a l’aide de l’analyse factorielle, montrent que i) la regulation de l’industrie du transport aerien varie remarquablement selon les pays et les lignes ; ii) dans la majorite des marches, les services de transport aerien sont encore fournis par un nombre restreint de vecteurs, qui sont generalement domines par une compagnie nationale presente depuis longtemps sur le marche ou par une alliance ...

Regulation, Market Structure and Performance in Air Passenger Transportation