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The peculiar operational mode and involvement of international carriers granted liner operators special exemption from Anti-trust regulations globally. The changes of policy from USA and EU in recent years forbidden liner operators to form Liner Conference (LC) which seems to possess oligopoly power in the trade. This paper use the freight rate to verified the change of Government policies cannot stop the liner operators to form in their natural formation - Liner Conference.

A Study of Market Structure in Liner Shipping Under the Influence of Government Policies