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Congestion has become a burden for the Dutch economy. Commuters and businesses are suffering from the time lost in traffic and the unreliability of travel time. Expanding infrastructure can potentially solve such problems, albeit only in the long term and at a high cost. Thus short to medium-term solutions will have to be oriented at improvements in the use of existing infrastructure, more efficient public transport and better demand management. In this light the Dutch government proposed an innovative country-wide road pricing scheme. This scheme aims to make users pay for road usage and could bring about significant benefits in terms of lower congestion and less pollution. The full benefits of road pricing can be reaped by adjusting the prices to encourage more efficient economic and environmental outcomes. If the implementation of a fully-fledged road price system is delayed or aborted, the government should rely on alternative measures such as fuel taxation and congestion charges to obtain similar outcomes. Reforms to the transport system, including public transport, together with a more flexible housing market should reduce the economic and environmental burden of transport, thereby improving prospects for sustainable long-term growth. This Working Paper relates to the 2010 OECD Economic Survey of the Netherlands (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/ netherlands). Comment le systeme de transport peut contribuer a de meilleurs resultats economiques et environnementaux aux Pays-Bas La congestion est devenue une charge pour l’economie neerlandaise. Les migrants alternants et les entreprises pâtissent des pertes de temps que les transports leur occasionnent et de l’imprevisibilite de la duree des deplacements. Un renforcement des infrastructures peut resoudre le probleme, mais seulement dans le long terme et a grands frais. A moyen ou court terme, la solution doit donc etre recherchee dans la rationalisation de l’utilisation de l’infrastructure existante, l’amelioration des transports publics et l’amelioration de la gestion de la demande. Dans cette optique, le gouvernement neerlandais a propose d’instaurer un systeme national novateur de tarification routiere qui oblige les usagers a payer pour l’usage qu’ils font des infrastructures routieres et qui pourrait etre source d’avantages appreciables en termes de reduction de la congestion et de la pollution. L’ajustement des prix permettra de maximiser les retombees economiques et environnementales de la tarification routiere. Si la mise en oeuvre d’un systeme complet de tarification routiere est retardee ou empechee, l’Etat devra faire appel a d’autres mesures telles que les taxes sur le carburant ou les peages de congestion pour arriver a des resultats comparables. Les reformes du systeme de transport, notamment des transports publics, de meme qu’un marche du logement plus flexible, devraient reduire la charge que les transports font peser sur l’economie et l’environnement et ameliorer, ainsi, les perspectives de croissance durable a long terme. Ce document de travail se rapporte a l’Etude economique des Pays-Bas de 2010 (www.oecd.org/eco/ surveys/netherlands).

How the Transport System can Contribute to Better Economic and Environmental Outcomes in the Netherlands