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This paper presents a theoretical model as well as empirical evidence for an observation that a country of which technology level approaches the technology frontier tends to rely more on technology creation than adoption, and invest more in basic research than development. The model gives the following results. First, the rate of growth is positively correlated with the level of basic research activities in technology creation sector, if one country's technology gap with the technology frontier is small enough. Second, the level of basic research and the rate of growth will be increased, if the efficiency of education system for highly skilled workers increases. Verifying these theoretical results, empirical analyses using panel data of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan show that the narrower is their technological distance to frontier, the higher is the growth effect of basic R&D, indicating that the share of basic R&D matters for economic growth. These also show that the quality of tertiary education has a significantly positive effect on the productivity of R&D.

The Optimal Structure of Technology Adoption and Creation: Basic Research vs. Development in the Presence of Distance to Frontier