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This article argues that human rights are inherently corporate, attaching to groups as well as individuals. Focusing on an examination of the development of rights in medieval England, the article shows how the rights of individuals grew out of, as they were intimately bound up with, those of groups — most especially the medieval town or borough. Although many contemporary lawyers have applauded the increasing emphasis on individual rights, however, this article points to the increasing fragility of individual rights shorn of their corporate moorings and protections. While at one time borough charters protected the rights of local officials and of all town members to act together in ways not approved by the central authorities, the demise of corporate rights has left individuals without the means of protecting and meaningfully practicing their rights. Moreover, the rise of the rights of business corporations, because it has been accompanied by the separation of ownership from management and the demise of corporate charters and other means of maintaining corporate purpose, has lessened the ability of individual stockholders to meaningfully exercise their economic rights.

The One and the Many: Individual Rights, Corporate Rights and the Diversity of Groups