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Industrial disposal of effluents on land and the subsequent pollution of groundwater and soil ofsurrounding farmlands – is a relatively new area of research. The environmental and socioeconomicaspects of industrial effluent irrigation have not been studied as extensively as domestic sewagebased irrigation practices, at least for a developing country like India. The disposal of effluents onland has become a regular practice for some industries. Industries located in Mettupalayam Taluk,Tamil Nadu, dispose their effluents on land, and the farmers of the adjacent farmlands havecomplained that their shallow open wells get polluted and also the salt content of the soil has startedbuilding up slowly. This study attempts to capture the environmental and socioeconomic impactsof industrial effluent irrigation in different industrial locations at Mettupalayam Taluk, Tamil Nadu,through primary surveys and secondary information.This study found that the continuous disposal of industrial effluents on land, which has limitedcapacity to assimilate the pollution load, has led to groundwater pollution. The quality ofgroundwater in shallow open wells surrounding the industrial locations has deteriorated, and theapplication of polluted groundwater for irrigation has resulted in increased salt content of soils. Insome locations drinking water wells (deep bore wells) also have a high concentration of salts. Sincethe farmers had already shifted their cropping pattern to salt-tolerant crops (like jasmine, curryleaf, tobacco, etc.) and substituted their irrigation source from shallow open wells to deep borewells and/or river water, the impact of pollution on livelihoods was minimized.Since the local administration is supplying drinking water to households, the impact in thedomestic sector has been minimized. It has also been noticed that in some locations industries aresupplying drinking water to the affected households. However, if the pollution continues unabatedit could pose serious problems in the future.

Ground Water Pollution and Emerging Environmental Challenges of Industrial Effluent Irrigation: A Case Study of Mettupalayam Taluk, Tamilnadu