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The subsolidus and melting phase relations in the CaCO 3 -siderite system have been studied in multianvil experiments using graphite capsules at pressure of 6 GPa and temperatures of 900-1700 °C. At low temperatures, the presence of ankerite splits the system into two partial binaries: siderite + ankerite at 900 °C and ankerite + aragonite up to 1000 °C. Extrapolated solvus curves intersect near 50 mol% just below 900 °C. At 1100 and 1200 °C, the components appear to form single-phase solid solutions with space group symmetry  R 3 c , while CaCO 3  maintains aragonite structure up to 1600 °C and 6 GPa. The FeCO 3  solubility in aragonite does not exceed 1.0 and 3.5 mol% at 900-1000 and 1600 °C, respectively. An increase of FeCO 3  content above the solubility limit at  T  &gt; 1000 °C, leads to composition-induced phase transition in CaCO 3  from aragonite,  Pmcn , to calcite,  R 3 c , structure, i.e., the presence of FeCO 3  widens the calcite stability field down to the  P-T  conditions of sub-cratonic mantle. The siderite-CaCO3 diagram resembles a minimum type of solid solutions. The melting loop for the FeCO 3 -CaCO 3  join extends from 1580 °C (FeCO 3 ) to 1670 °C (CaCO 3 ) through a liquidus minimum near 1280 ± 20 °C and 56 ± 3 mol% CaCO 3 . At  X (Ca) = 0-30 mol%, 6 GPa and 1500-1700 °C, siderite melts and dissolves incongruently according to the reaction: siderite = liquid + fluid. The apparent temperature and  X (Ca) range of siderite incongruent dissolution would be determined by the solubility of molecular CO 2  in (Fe,Ca)CO 3  melt.

Phase relations in the system FeCO 3 -CaCO 3 at 6 GPa and 900–1700 °C and its relation to the system CaCO 3 -FeCO 3 -MgCO 3