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The interaction between metallic iron and kaolinite was studied in conditions relevant to those that may be encountered in a high-level radioactive waste disposal facility in geological formation. Experiments were carried out under anoxic atmosphere at 90 °C and in chloride solutions to simulate conditions close to disposal facilities. KGa-2 kaolinite was put in contact with powdered metallic iron in batch experiments for durations of 1, 3, and 9 months. Solutions extracted from the end-products were analyzed (pH, Eh, conductivity, and cation concentrations). End-products were characterized by a set of chemical (oxide analyses, CEC, EDXS) and mineralogical techniques (SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR), textural analyses (nitrogen adsorption and low-pressure argon adsorption), XPS, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. In another set of experiments the system was changed from anoxic to oxic conditions to evaluate the stability of the system in the presence of O 2 .

Berthierine-like mineral formation and stability during the interaction of kaolinite with metallic iron at 90 °C under anoxic and oxic conditions