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Aluminum incorporation into TiO 2  has been studied in the TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3  system as a function of pressure at temperatures of 900 and 1300 °C using commercial Al 2 TiO 5  nanopowder as starting material. A new orthorhombic TiO 2  polymorph with the CaCl 2  structure has been observed in the recovered samples synthesized from 4.5 to 7 GPa and 900 °C and from 2.5 to 7 GPa at 1300 °C. The phase transition to the α-PbO 2  type TiO 2  phase takes place between 7 and 10 GPa at both temperatures. Two mechanisms of Al incorporation in TiO 2  rutile have been observed in the recovered samples. The substitution of Ti 4+  by Al 3+  on normal octahedral sites is dominant at lower pressures. High pressure induces the incorporation of Al 3+  into octahedral interstices of the rutile structure, which is responsible for an orthorhombic distortion of the TiO 2  rutile structure and gives rise to a (110) twinned CaCl 2  type structure. This phase is probably a result of temperature quench at high pressure. Aluminum solubility in TiO 2  increases with increasing pressure. TiO 2  is able to accommodate up to 9.8 wt% Al 2 O 3  at 7 GPa and 1300 °C. Temperature has a large effect on the aluminum incorporation in TiO 2 , especially at higher pressures. High pressure has a strong effect on both the chemistry and the microstructure of Al-doped TiO 2 . Enhanced aluminum concentration in TiO 2  rutile as well as TiO 2  grains with a microstructure consisting of twins are a clear indication of high-pressure conditions.

Aluminum solubility in TiO 2 rutile at high pressure and experimental evidence for a CaCl 2 -structured polymorph