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Panguite (IMA 2010-057), (Ti 4+ ,Sc,Al,Mg,Zr,Ca) 1.8 O 3 , is a new titania, occurring as fine-grained crystals with Ti-rich davisite in an ultra-refractory inclusion within an amoeboid olivine inclusion from the Allende CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. The phase was characterized by SEM, EBSD, synchrotron micro-diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and EPMA. The mean chemical composition of the type panguite is (wt%) TiO 2  47.97, ZrO 2  14.61, Sc 2 O 3  10.67, Al 2 O 3  7.58, MgO 5.54, Y 2 O 3  5.38, CaO 3.34, SiO 2  1.89, FeO 1.81, V 2 O 3  0.95, Cr 2 O 3  0.54, HfO 2  0.28, sum 100.56 with a corresponding empirical formula calculated on the basis of 3 O atoms of [(Ti 0.79 Zr 0.16 Si 0.04 ) 4+  Σ0.99 (Sc 0.20 Al 0.20 Y 0.06 V 0.02 Cr 0.01 ) 3+  Σ0.49  (Mg 0.18 Ca 0.08 Fe 0.03 ) 2+  Σ0.29 ] Σ1.77 O 3 . Synchrotron micro-Laue diffraction (i.e., an energy scan by a high-flux X-ray monochromatic beam and white beam diffraction) on one type domain at sub-micrometer resolution revealed that panguite is an orthorhombic mineral in space group Pbca. The structure is a subgroup of the Ia3 bixbyite-type. The cell parameters are a = 9.781(1), b = 9.778(2), and c = 9.815(1) Å, yielding V = 938.7(1) Å 3 , Z = 16, and a calculated density of 3.746 g/cm 3 . Panguite is not only a new mineral, but also a new titania material, likely formed by condensation. It is one of the oldest minerals in the solar system.

Panguite, (Ti 4+ ,Sc,Al,Mg,Zr,Ca) 1.8 O 3 , a new ultra-refractory titania mineral from the Allende meteorite: Synchrotron micro-diffraction and EBSD