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Donghai County in the Jiangsu Province of East China is known for its large-scale production of high-quality quartz crystals. The quartz crystals are hosted within the Su-Lu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. They form in quartz veins hosted by eclogite and gneiss, or along contacts between eclogite and gneiss and are mined as placer deposits in the Quaternary sediments. Backscattered electron imaging of the rutile in rutile-bearing euhedral quartz crystals from this region reveal three compositionally and texturally distinct generations of rutile, encapsulated within the host quartz crystal. The earliest generation of rutile (R1) is brightest in BSE, reflecting enrichment in Fe 2 O 3  (0.75-2.08 wt%), Nb 2 O 5  (0.37-0.93 wt%), WO 3  (0.48-2.99 wt%), and ZrO 2  (0.005-0.105 wt%), relative to R2 and R3. R2 rutile overgrows R1 rutile and contains 0.66-1.11 wt% Fe 2 O 3 , 0.45-0.74 wt% Nb 2 O 5 , 0.09-0.20 wt% WO 3 , and &lt;0.001-0.013 wt% ZrO 2 . R3 rutile, which is the only rutile generation in contact with the host quartz crystals is darkest in BSE and always overgrows R1 and rounded aggregates of R2. R3 rutile contains 0.40-0.68 wt% Fe 2 O 3 , 0.13-0.37 wt% Nb 2 O 5 , 0.03-0.12 wt% WO 3 , and &lt;0.001 wt% ZrO 2 . Oxygen isotopes decrease progressively from 0.6 to -1.5‰ in R1 rutile to 0.1‰ in R2 rutile to -5.1 to -0.3‰ in R3 rutile, consistent with decreasing temperature of rutile crystallization.

american mineralogist

Rutile inclusions in quartz crystals record decreasing temperature and pressure during the exhumation of the Su-Lu UHP metamorphic belt in Donghai, East China