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We have established a method to determine the oxidation state of Fe using the electron microprobe “the flank method.” This method has the possibility to analyze simultaneously the majorelement chemistry on the same spot. The method is based on FeL X-ray emission spectra that show a concomitant change of both the intensity and the wavelength of the soft FeLα and FeLβ emission lines. The method has been developed for garnets using well-characterized synthetic samples, and an empirical correction scheme has been established for self-absorption of the FeL X-ray emission. This enables the unambiguous correlation of measured intensity ratios of FeLα/FeLβ X-ray emission to the oxidation state in garnet. The flank method can be used with routine microprobe settings (e.g., 15 kV, 60 nA) and, for garnets, with minimum beam size. This way, Fe 3+ /ΣFe and major and trace elements can be determined within 10 minutes on the microscale. The resulting accuracy of Fe 3+ /ΣFe is then ±0.04 for garnets at 10 wt% total Fe. Application to natural garnet megacrysts with 8 wt% total Fe and Fe 3+  known from Mössbauer spectroscopy yields excellent agreement between the two methods. For practical application, the calibration can be achieved by using three natural standards and fitting the data to Fe 2+  and Fe 3+  with linear equations. Through repeated measurements on homogeneous samples, the error in Fe 3+ /ΣFe becomes approximately ±0.02 (1σ). Optimization of analytical parameters such as beam current, measurement time, and repetition of analyses, will further lower the uncertainty.

The iron oxidation state of garnet by electron microprobe: Its determination with the flank method combined with major-element analysis