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The Tianshan orogenic belt hosts several world-class gold deposits and is one of the largest gold provinces on Earth. The Katbasu Au-Cu deposit in the Chinese Western Tianshan is hosted in a granite intrusion. Previous researchers have shown that the main gold ores formed much later than the ore-hosting granite. However, the formation age of Cu mineralization and its possible link to Au mineralization remain poorly understood. This paper reports detailed mineralogical studies, combined with zircon U-Pb, in situ hydrothermal monazite as well as rutile U-Pb ages to constrain the timing of Cu mineralization and its possible link to Au mineralization. The two main ore types in the Katbasu deposit include Cu-Au ores with pyrite-chalcopyrite veins that crosscut the granite and Au ores with massive pyrite and quartz as the main minerals. The Cu-Au ores are spatially associated with diorite that intruded the granite, and they are overprinted by massive gold ores. Detailed mineralogical studies show that chalcopyrite is the main Cu-bearing mineral in the Cu-Au ores, and it is closely associated with some native gold, monazite, and rutile.

american mineralogist

Hydrothermal monazite trumps rutile: Applying U-Pb geochronology to evaluate complex mineralization ages of the Katbasu Au-Cu deposit, Western Tianshan, Northwest China