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The investigation of the presence and role of sulfates in our solar system receives growing attention because these compounds play a crucial role in the water budget of planets such as Mars and significantly influence melting equilibria on the icy moons of Saturn and Jupiter, leading to the formation of subsurface oceans and even cryovolcanism. Despite the dominant presence of higher sulfate hydrates such as epsomite, MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, and mirabilite, Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O, on these moons’ surfaces, it is not excluded that lower-hydrated sulfates, such as kieserite, MgSO 4 ·H 2 O, are also present, forming from higher hydrates under pressures relevant to the mantle of the icy moons. Given the composition of the soluble fraction in C1 and C2 chondritic meteorites, which are high in Ni content and also considered to represent the composition of the rocky cores of the Jovian icy moons, the actual compositions of potentially present monohydrate sulfates likely lie at intermediate values along the solid-solution series between kieserite and transition-metal kieserite-group end-members, incorporating Ni in particular. Moderate Ni contents are also probable in kieserite on Mars due to the planet’s long-term accumulation of meteoritic nickel, although likely to a much lesser extent than Fe.

american mineralogist

Structural and spectroscopic study of the kieserite-dwornikite solid-solution series, (Mg,Ni)SO 4 ·H 2 O, at ambient and low temperatures, with cosmochemical implications for icy moons and Mars