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The incorporation of incompatible Al in forsterite is particularly interesting due to its relevance in Al olivine-spinel geobarometry techniques as well as the proposed influence of Al on upper mantle diffusion and water storage capacity.However, determining the site preference and substitution mechanisms of aluminum in forsterite presents considerable challenge, because the incompatibility of Al in the olivine structure results in correspondingly low Al concentrations. In this work we use solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to directly observe Al coordination in synthetic samples from which we can constrain site preferences. We investigate Al in MgO and clinoenstatite to confirm that the forsterite spectra do not contain contributions from these impurity phases. To better interpret our results we used the independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm, SIMPLISMA, which accurately deconvoluted complex NMR line shapes, separating spectral components from known impurities and enabling the identification of unknown spectral components that in some cases we can assign to substituting Al. We additionally investigate Al in larnite, which has a tetrahedral environment similar to that of forsterite and that presents an another ICA test case, and investigate Sc in forsterite and periclase to add context to our Al observations. Our  27 Al and  45 Sc MAS NMR spectra place new constraints on the site preferences of Al in synthetic forsterite, clinoenstatite, periclase, and larnite as well as Sc in forsterite and periclase.

Constraints on aluminum and scandium substitution mechanisms in forsterite, periclase, and larnite: High-resolution NMR