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Studying the reason for the formation of two structural sub-types, seven arsenate and vanadate compounds of descloizite and adelite groups [specifically ( 1 ) CdCo(OH)(AsO 4 ), ( 2 ) CdCu(OH) (AsO 4 ), ( 3 ) SrCo(OH)(AsO 4 ), ( 4 ) SrZn(OH)(AsO 4 ), ( 5 ) SrCu(OH)(VO 4 ), ( 6 ) CdCo(OH)(VO 4 ), and ( 7 ) CdCu(OH)(VO 4 ) (bold numbers throughout paper refer to these compounds)] were synthesized under low-temperature hydrothermal conditions.  1 – 2  and  6 – 7  are isostructural with descloizite, and  3 – 5  are with adelite-group minerals and several synthetic compounds. Together with a sample of conichalcite, (8) CaCu(OH)(AsO 4 ), they were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction [ R ( F ) = 0.0153–0.0283 for  1 – 5  and  8 ; for  6  and  7 ,  R ( F ) = 0.0603 and 0.0444, respectively] and Raman spectroscopy. Although crystallizing in different orthorhombic space groups, the atomic arrangements of descloizite-( Pnam ) and adelite-( P 2 1 2 1 2 1 ) type compounds adopt the same topology: the atomic arrangement is characterized by  M 2O 6  octahedrons ( M 2 = Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , Mn 2+,3+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ) edge-linked into chains. These chains are interconnected by  X O 4  tetrahedrons ( X  = Si 4+ , P 5+ , V 5+ , As 5+ , Mo 6+ ) into a three-dimensional framework. Cavities host  M 1 atoms ( M 1 = Na + , Ca 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ ); their coordination varies from  7  for descloizite-type representatives to  8  for adelite-type structures. The OH stretching frequencies in the Raman spectra are in good agreement with the observed O–H…O donor-acceptor distances. A detailed discussion of the crystal chemistry of these compounds and their influence on the space-group symmetry indicate a distinct dependence of the structural changes on the average ionic radii ( r   M 1  +  r X  )/2.

american mineralogist

A single-crystal X-ray and Raman spectroscopic study of hydrothermally synthesized arsenates and vanadates with the descloizite and adelite structure types