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Raman and infrared active modes of cerussite were assigned according to their symmetry species and compared to other aragonite group minerals. Small satellite bands at 823 and 1031 cm -1  on the low-wavenumber side of the fundamental vibrations ν 2  and ν 1 , respectively, have been assigned to the isotopic substitutions of  13 C and  18 O. The Raman active ν 1  and ν 2  carbonate modes are observed at 1051 and 835 cm -1 . The absence of the B 2g  component of the ν 1  and ν 2  vibrations has been explained by the small coupling between the A g  and B 2g  modes. The Raman active ν 3  carbonate anti-symmetric stretching mode is observed at 1361(A g ), 1376 (B 1g ), 1419 (B 3g ), and 1477 (B 2g ) cm -1 , while the corresponding infrared active bands are observed at 1396, 1432, and 1456 cm -1 . The Raman active ν 4  carbonate bending mode is observed at 673 (A g ), 668 (B 2g ), 681 (B 1g ), and 694 (B 2g ) cm -1 . The corresponding infrared bands are observed at 670, 679, and 698 cm -1 . In both ν 3  and ν 4  the factor group splitting between the B 1g  and B 3g  modes is 1 to 3 times smaller than the separation of the A g  and B 2g  modes. Raman active lattice vibrations are detected at 120 (B 3g ), 132 (A g ), 148 (B 1g ), 152(B 2g ), 174 (B 2g ), 179 (B 1g ), 213 (A g ), 226 (B 3g ), and 243 cm -1  (B 2g ). Corresponding infrared active bands are detected at 573, 543, 573, 423, 375, 290, 205, 165, 146, and 134 cm -1 . Raman bands at 949, 966, 989, 1000, and 1104 cm -1  and at 922, 946, 967, 988, 996, and 1007 cm -1  in the infrared spectra are assigned to combination and overtone bands. Raman bands at 1676 (A g ), 1689 (A g ), 1730 (B 3g ), and 1740 (B 1g ) cm -1  are ascribed to combination modes of ν 1  + ν 4  with bands at 2052 and 2092 cm -1  assigned to 2ν 1 . Corresponding infrared bands are observed at 1729 and 1740 cm -1  (ν 1  + ν 3 ). Bands at 2359, 2409, 2471, and 2521 cm -1  are ascribed to ν 1  + ν 3 , with broad bands at 1246 and 1323 cm -1  assigned to 2ν 4  modes.

Single crystal raman spectroscopy of cerussite