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Studtite, UO 4 ·4H 2 O, and metastudtite, UO 4 ·2H 2 O, are the only minerals thought to contain peroxide. Determination of the structure of studtite has shown it to contain peroxide, with the structural formula [(UO 2 )(O 2 )(H 2 O) 2 ](H 2 O) 2 . The structure is monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 14.068(6), b = 6.721(3), c = 8.428(4) Å, β = 123.356(6)°, V = 665.6(3) Å 3 , Z = 4. It was refined on the basis of F 2  for 1398 unique reflections collected using MoKα X-radiation and a CCD-based detector to R 1  = 3.66%, calculated for the 716 unique observed reflections (|F o | ≥ 4σ F ). The structure of studtite contains one symmetrically distinct U 6+  cation and four O atoms, two of which occur as H 2 O groups. The O-O bond-length in the peroxide group is 1.46(1) Å. The U 6+  cation occurs as part of a linear (UO 2 ) 2+  uranyl ion, and each U 6+  cation is bonded to six additional O atoms, two of which are H 2 O groups, and four of which are O atoms of peroxide groups. The O-O bonds of two peroxide groups constitute two equatorial edges of each distorted uranyl hexagonal bipyramid. Uranyl polyhedra are polymerized into chains extending along [001] by sharing peroxide groups. Chains are linked by H bonds extending to and from an interstitial H 2 O group. It is proposed that studtite forms by incorporating peroxide created by alpha-radiolysis of water, and that radiation is necessary for its formation in nature.

Studtite, [(UO 2 )(O 2 )(H 2 O) 2 ](H 2 O) 2 : The first structure of a peroxide mineral