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Phase relations and stability of a mixed-chain (21)-hydrous clinopyribole [(21)-MHP] were investigated using a multi-anvil apparatus in the P-T range 5-18 GPa and 1100-1600 °C in a simplified KNCMASH-system. (21)-MHP is stable in the range 7-16 GPa and 1100-1400 °C, and coexists with clinopyroxene + sodic phase X ± potassic richterite ± aenigmatite-structured phase. Its breakdown products are sodic phase X + melt and Na-rich garnet + aenigmatite-structured phase toward high T (13 GPa/1600 °C) and P (18 GPa/1250 °C). In the KNCMASH-system investigated, the stability fields of potassic richterite and (21)-MHP only overlap between 7 and 10 GPa, and the Pstability of (21)-MHP exceeds that of potassic richterite by at least 3 GPa. The composition of (21)- MHP can be described as a combination of 1 potassic richterite + 2 omphacitic clinopyroxene K(Na 2 Ca 2 )(Mg 6 Al)Si 12 O 34 (OH) 2  with variable degrees of Al 2 Mg -1 Si -1 -exchange and NaSiCa -1 Al -1 - exchange component dependent upon P and T. At P &gt;10 GPa, both (21)-MHP and coexisting clinopyroxene contain excess Si compared with the ideal clinopyroxene, and (21)-MHP stoichiometries with up to 2.09 Si/6 O atoms and 12.4 Si/33 O atoms + stoichiometric (OH) respectively. This silica excess is attributed to the presence of  VI Si as Na(Mg 0.5 Si 05 )Si 2 O 6  component in clinopyroxene and within the pyroxene-like slabs of (21)-MHP. A TEM analysis of (21)-MHP synthesized at 10 GPa/1250 °C shows a regular alternation of single- and double-tetrahedral chains without evidence for stacking disorder. Potential factors responsible for the unusually high P-T stability of (21)-MHP compared to all MHPs known so far are: (1) the fact that the unit-cell volume of (21)-MHP is 1.5% smaller than that of an equivalent mixture of potassic richterite + omphacite; (2) an Na-rich bulk composition that enables the presence of  VI Si-bearing clinopyroxene in solid-solution within the single-chain slabs of (21)-MHP; and (3) the availability of K to completely fill the large A-sites of the (21)-MHP structure. The results of this study demonstrate that mixed-chain hydrous pyriboles represent a new class of high-pressure silicate structures capable of storing water and alkali-elements under upper mantle P-T conditions. However, their stability is restricted to K-Na-rich bulk compositions.

american mineralogist

High P-T phase relations and stability of a (21)-hydrous clinopyribole in the system K 2 ONa 2 O- CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O: An experimental study to 18 GPa