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Titanium-rich biotites from graphite-bearing metapelitic xenoliths, equilibrated at ca. 850 °C and 7 kbar in the presence of a granitic melt, have been studied through complete chemical analysis and single-crystal XRD refinements. The chemical study combines EMP analyses, hydrogen determination by both SIMS and C-H-N elemental analysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Biotites in the analyzed xenoliths have TiO 2  contents ranging from 4.5 to 4.9 wt% and an XFe of 0.67. Their F and Cl contents are negligible, and Fe 3+ /Fetot ranges from 10 to 16%. The H 2 O content of the biotites ranges from 2.4 to 2.8 wt%, and a small fraction of H is accommodated in the lattice as NH 4 . Based on these full chemical analyses, the calculated OH occupancy is 1.26 to 1.30 groups per formula unit, more than one third less than the stoichiometric value.

american mineralogist

Hydrogen deficiency in Ti-rich biotite from anatectic metapelites (El Joyazo, SE Spain): Crystal-chemical aspects and implications for high-temperature petrogenesis