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Carmichaelite [MO 2-x (OH) x , where M includes Ti, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Al] is a new hydrous titanate from Garnet Ridge, an ultramafic diatreme on the Colorado Plateau in Arizona. It is named in honor of Ian S.E. Carmichael, Professor of Geology at the University of California, Berkeley, in recognition of his many contributions to petrology, especially his studies of Fe-Ti oxides in volcanic rocks. The new mineral occurs as platy, cinnamon-brown inclusions in mantle-derived pyrope crystals, which also contain inclusions of rutile, srilankite, ilmenite, minerals of the crichtonite group, spinel, and olivine. Carmichaelite is commonly in contact with rutile and occasionally with srilankite. The average composition is TiO 2  = 62.16, Cr 2 O 3  = 18.43, Al 2 O 3  = 1.88, V 2 O 3  = 0.87, Nb 2 O 5  = 0.37, FeO = 7.61, MgO = 2.80, H 2 O (calc) = 5.76, total 99.89 wt%, giving an empirical formula close to Ti 0.62 Cr 0.19 Fe 0.09 Mg 0.06 Al 0.03 V 0.01 O 1.5 (OH) 0.5 . A cation (non-H) to (O+OH) ratio of 1:2 was confirmed by microprobe analysis of oxygen, and the presence of the hydroxyl component was supported by IR data. Carmichaelite is monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c, with a = 7.706(1), b = 4.5583(6), c = 20.187(3) Å, β = 92.334(2)°, V = 708.5(3) Å 3 , and Z = 22. The calculated density is 4.13 g/cm 3 . The strongest diffraction lines [d(I, h k l)] from a calculated powder pattern are 2.842 (100, 1̅15), 3.773 (94, 013), 2.664 (70, 213), 1.688 (54, 1̅22), 1.679 (44, 226), 1.661 (44, 1̅28), and 1.648 (34, 1.1.11). The crystal structure, which has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, consists of stacked chains of cation octahedra within layers of hexagonal closest-packed anions. The arrangement of cation octahedra within a single chain has the same basic structural unit of five edge-sharing octahedra found in olivine, the humite group, and leucophoenicite.

Carmichaelite, a new hydroxyl-bearing titanate from Garnet Ridge, Arizona