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Solid products from hydrothermal experiments conducted at 250 °C and P v,soln  were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ATEM/HRTEM. Experiments were conducted with muscovite, kaolinite, and quartz or amorphous silica in 2M KCl solutions for 43 to 176 d. Post-experiment solution compositions lie either within the illite(0.88 K) stability field or on the illite(0.88 K)-kaolinite or illite(0.88 K)-diaspore univariant boundaries in log (a K  + /a H  + ) vs. log a H₄SiO₄  activity space. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of muscovite grain edges reveal the neoformation of illite crystals with a range of compositions (ATEM) from 0.31 to 0.89 K/O 10 (OH) 2 . The range of K-contents appears to narrow toward 0.88 K/O 10 (OH) 2  with increased experiment duration. HRTEM suggests the presence of 2 to 11 layer fundamental particles composed of illitic layers with 10 Å periodicity. Fundamental particle thicknesses increase toward an average of 8 layers/particle with increased experiment duration. In the longer duration experiments, fundamental particle thicknesses were normally distributed about thicknesses of 4 and 8 layers, whereas fundamental particles with thicknesses &lt; 4 layers were common in a shorter duration experiment.

Characterization of neoformed illite from hydrothermal experiments at 250 °C and P v, soln : An HRTEM/ATEM study