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The high-pressure phase relationships in a H 2 O-saturated synthetic CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 - H 2 O (CASH) system were studied by multi-anvil experiments. The most extreme pressure condition under which pure lawsonite [CaAl 2 Si 2 O 7 (OH) 2  H 2 O] exists is 120 kbar at 960 °C. This maximum stability is located at the intersection of the lawsonite breakdown reaction with the topaz-OH + stishovite = phase “egg” reaction. At lower pressures and higher temperatures lawsonite decomposes to grossular + topaz-OH + stishovite + H 2 O, whereas at lower pressures and lower temperatures lawsonite first reacts to grossular + phase egg + topaz-OH + H 2 O and at still lower temperatures to grossular + phase egg + diaspore + H 2 O. The two latter reactions have positive dP/dT slopes, with lawsonite on the low-pressure side, and thus delimit the occurrence of lawsonite toward higher pres­sures. The occurrence of topaz-OH (10.7 wt% H 2 O) is limited through a reaction to phase egg (7.5 wt% H 2 O) + diaspore; the phase boundary extends from 110 kbar and 720 °C to 130 kbar and 920 °C. Phase egg is inferred to have a composition of AlSiO 3 (0H) and a monoclinic unit cell similar to that proposed by Eggleton et al. (1978).

Lawsonite: Upper pressure stability and formation of higher density hydrous phases