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It has been shown that pulmonary exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) disrupts the immune system, presenting as exacerbating effects on allergic manifestations (e.g., allergic asthma). However, since a model inhalation system has not been developed, the impact of nano-level DEP on health has not been satisfactorily investigated. Our institute (the National Institute for Environmental Studies) established an "environmental nanoparticle exposure system applied in animals" in 2005 and since then, we have explored the health effects of exposure to these types of agent. The present study was conducted to investigate the in vitro effects of nanoparticle-rich DEP (NRDEP) on primary splenocytes from atopy-prone hosts. NC/Nga mouse-derived splenic mononuclear cells were co-cultured with NRDEP (0-50 µg/ml); thereafter, the production/release of interleukin (IL)-18 in the culture supernatants was evaluated by means of ELISA. NRDEP increased IL-18 production/release by splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner with an overall trend (with significance vs. 10 µg/ml of NRDEP). In contrast, 50 µg/ml of NRDEP inhibited production/release. These results suggest that NRDEP can activate naïve splenic mononuclear cells from atopy-prone animals in terms of IL-18 induction.

In vitro study of the effect of nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust particles on IL-18 production in splenocytes