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K e y w o r d s : Brick building; Building optimization; Building performance simulation; Heating demand; Thermal comfort; Wood building. 3/2020 A R C H I T E C T U R E C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G E N V I R O N M E N T 63 A R C H I T E C T U R E C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G E N V I R O N M E N T The Si les ian Univers i ty of Technology No. 3/2020 D O I : 1 0 . 2 1 3 0 7 / A C E E 2 0 2 0 0 2 4 J. Ferdyn-Grygierek, K. Grygierek, A. Gumińska, Ł. Baran, M. Barwa, K. Czerw, P. Gowik, K. Makselan, K. Potyka, A. Psikuta 64 A R C H I T E C T U R E C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G E N V I R O N M E N T 3/2020 is currently strived to reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling of buildings, which has a beneficial effect on reducing the operating costs of the building as well as the external environment. Measures to reduce energy consumption must not negatively affect the thermal comfort of residents. The main goal of the EU is to increase the energy efficiency of buildings with the lowest possible costs; however, this must not be at the expense of deteriorating indoor environmental conditions [1]. Such studies are widely carried out all over the world. For example, research conducted by Kwong et al. [2] focused on the possibilities of improving energy efficiency in modern, air-conditioned buildings, located in a tropical climate, based on the thermal comfort of residents. Besides, Pfafferott et al. [3] focused on the analysis of thermal comfort standards and showed the most critical points to design a building in which thermal comfort is maintained. A similar study was conducted by Harkouss et al. [4], which presents an analysis of the optimal passive design of residential buildings. A simulation was made for 25 different climates, resulting in the development of best practices to reduce energy demand in buildings. In residential buildings or offices, in order to achieve thermal comfort, mechanical cooling with electric air conditioners is usually used. Then cooling can account for up to half of the electricity consumption in a building [5]. This resulted in the development of passive cooling solutions, e.g. ventilative cooling. Free cooling through ventilation is one of the most effective cooling techniques because cold external air can directly lower the temperature of the indoor air. For example, the work of Alonso et al. [11] showed energy savings when used ventilative cooling in a building located in Norway as a result of utilizing the potential of low outside temperatures during the day or night. Article by Yao et al. [6] presented a study on the natural ventilative cooling potential of office buildings in five climate zones in China. In turn, the work of Santamouris et al. [7] analyzed energy consumption in more than two hundred air-conditioned residential buildings using night ventilation techniques in Greece. The authors investigated the relationship between the cooling demand and night ventilation. In general, studies show that the effectiveness of passive techniques directly depends on the climate zone and changes not only from season to season, but also during the day. Therefore, not every alternative can be the right solution for a given building location; local climatic conditions should be carefully considered [8]. The paper aimed to analyze energy the demand and thermal comfort of users of a single-family house with natural ventilation. These factors were compared for buildings made of brick and wood. The impact of opening windows has also been tested.The study was conducted for the real current Polish climate. This study answered the question whether (and if so, how much) the thermal comfort conditions differ in conventional and wooden buildings in the age of global warming?

Analysis of Heat Demand and Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Single-Family Houses of Various Constructions