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Aim: to investigate a fecal microbiota composition and to identify candidate biomarkers of celiac disease (CD) by serum metabolomics analysis. Methods: the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for fecal microbiota assessment. Serum metabolomic assays were conducted using the GC–MS. Results: serum of CD patients showed significant increases in stearic acid, 2-HIVA, succinate, fumarate and benzoate compared to HC. A decrease in the level of eicosadiene and an increase in AA in blood were determined. The ratio of AA to EDA was statistically significant (4.84 vs. 3.28, p=0.033). The elongase activity index in patients with celiac disease tended to increase (p=0.067). The colon microbiome in CD was characterized by decreasing in the level of butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F.p.) and Bifidobacterium spp.. Significant negative correlations were observed; between the levels of Bifidobacterium spp. and F.p. and the concentration of succinic acid (rs=–0.343 [p=0.026] and rs=–0.430 [p=0.005], respectively); the F.p. and the fumaric acid (r=–0.429, p=0.005); the benzoic acid and the amount of Bifidobacterium spp. (r=–0.341, p=0.025). Conclusion: significant changes in serum levels of microbial and endogenous metabolites, reflecting some metabolic pathways disturbances were observed in CD. Metabolites and metabolomic index reflecting the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory components, may be considered as candidate biomarkers of chronic inflammation and metabolic dysbiosis in CD. An increased B. fragilis/F.p. ratio can serve as available biomarker for intestinal pro-inflammatory dysbiosis in CD.

VIOLATION OF MICROBIAL AND ENDOGENOUS METABOLISM IN CELIAC DISEASE