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Acute abdomen comprises of surgical, medical and gynecological conditions ranging from the trivial to life threatening conditions requiring hospital admission, investigations and treatment. Study aimed to analyze various lesions causing acute abdomen requiring ultrasonography for diagnosis, to establish accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute abdomen and to describe ultrasonographic features of various pathological conditions causing acute abdomen. Material and methods: The study was carried out on a prospective basis in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, over a period of one year in 110 patients. All the patients of non-gynaecological acute abdomen were included in this study and subjected to USG. USG diagnosis was confirmed in patients requiring laparotomy post-operatively and with histopathological correlation wherever possible. Results: Out of 110 patients, 56 (50.9%) were females and 54 (49.1%) were males of age ranged from 5 to 77 years. Diagnostic accuracy of USG in acute appendicitis was 69.2%, acute calculus cholecystitis 100%, acute pancreatitis 68.7% and 100% for renal calculus disease, liver abscess and psoas abscess. Diagnostic accuracy of plain x-ray abdomen in acute appendicitis was 7.7%, acute calculus cholecystitis 13.6%, renal calculus disease 83.3%, intestinal obstruction and perforation 100% and psoas abscess 33.3%. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a radiological technique which is readily available, cost effective and has no known biological hazards. It has a high accuracy in experienced and skilled hands. In bowel pathologies and ureteric obstructions, sensitivity of ultrasound is very low; and in such cases plain radiography and CT scan have a much higher sensitivity. In equivocal cases, where no definite diagnosis has been made on ultrasonography, postoperative and histopathological findings are diagnostic.

Role of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Acute Abdomen (Non – Gynaecological Causes)