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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for the successful management of this potentially life-threatening disease, reducing morbidity and mortality. The current study was conducted with an objective to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the dark-ground microscope, blood culture, IgM ELISA and PCR in the diagnosis of leptospirosis against the gold standard (Culture) Material and methods: Direct examination of blood was done using dark-ground microscopy, the culture was done by inoculation of the blood sample into the EMJH medium, antibodies against Leptospira was demonstrated using Panbio IgM ELISA kit, and antigen products were demonstrated using polymerase reaction (PCR) with primers G1and G2. Results: Among the 60 tested samples, 12 were positive by dark-ground microscopy, 22 were grown in culture, 55 were IgM ELISA positive, and 32 were PCR positive. Conclusion: IgM ELISA can be used as a rapid screening tool due to its high sensitivity. Culture is time-consuming even though its high specificity and hence cannot be used. PCR is currently the gold standard due to a rapid demonstration of leptospiral DNA for early initiation of treatment.

international journal of contemporary medical research

A Prospective Observational Study to Compare Diagnostic Accuracy of Dark-Ground Microscopy, Blood Culture, IgM ELISA and PCR in the Diagnosis of Leptospirosis