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Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin secretion, insulin action (sensitivity), or a combination of both. Postprandial hyperglycemia is highly dependent on the amount of monosaccharides absorbed and their rate of absorption in the small intestine. One of the therapeutic approaches to the treatment of diabetes is the inhibition of digestive enzymes (α amylase and α glucosidases). Our work is based on the evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of a medicinal plant, Drimia maritime L. They are investigated for their antidiabetic effect in vivo in mice subjected to postprandial hyperglycemia induced by starch or glucose. To this end, aqueous (decoction) and acetone extracts of different organs of two varieties of D. maritima have been prepared according to traditional use; have been subjected to phytochemical analysis to highlight different families of chemical compounds such as phenolic compounds including flavonoids, tannins and anthocyans. Among our results, we found that the content of different chemical compounds differs from one variety to another, and within the same variety from one organ to another. In comparison to the polyphenol content in the leaves and bulbs, it has been found that the content, in the leaves is higher than in the bulbs, so the red variety shows the high polyphenol content of 283μg. Eq AG/mg, compared to the white variety 152 μg. Eq AG/mg and flavonoids 98.68 μg. Eq catechin/mg extract on the other hand, the white variety 43.2 μg. Eq catechin/mg, The polyphenols measured in the different extracts, are mainly flavonoids and more concentrated for the acetone extract. Concerning anthocyanins, they are only found in the red variety. The results of antidiabetic activity show a positive correla tion between polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins and the behavior of diabetic mice. They are, therefore, responsible for this activity. Also, remains the use of acetone extracts of the red variety to treat diabetic mice, shows a greater effect than after 21 days reaches the value of 1.8 g/l , compared to the white variety, this phenomenon can explain by the different chemical composition between the two varieties of rill. These results confirm the traditional use of this plant as an antidiabetic, and highlight one of their possible mechanisms of action, the reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia by slowing intestinal glucose absorption.

In vivo study of the antidiabetic activity of aqueous and acetonic extracts of Drimia maritima L.