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Simarouba glauca DC. (Paradise tree) has gained much consideration in recent times in South India, as adjuvant medicine patients undertake different types of conventional cancer treatments. The current study is intended to disclose the reliability of medicinal properties of this plant. The study included the phytochemical analysis, short term cytotoxicity assessment, antiproliferative action, acute toxicity and antitumour effects of aqueous methanolic extract (ME) of S. glauca leaves in murine models. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ME unravelled the presence of pharmacologically significant group of molecules like tannins, coumarins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides terpenoids, and carbohydrates. Further, TLC analysis could confirm the presence of classes of compounds like flavonoids, triterpenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenolics in ME. ME exhibited low cytotoxic potential towards cancer and normal cells (IC50>100 μg/ml) in short term cytotoxicity assay. In antiproliferative assay cell viability were found high in all cell lines tested, i.e., HepG2 (79.78 ± 0.02%), HeLa (81.42 ± 0.02%), HCT15 (89.61 ± 0.01%) and Vero (81.63 ± 0.64%)/100 μg/ml. The acute toxicity level of ME was above 2 mg/kg b. wt in female Wistar rats. In ascites tumour study, the mean survival days were found 20.17 ± 2.23 at 200 mg/kg b. wt drug administrated animals and 19.83 ± 2.64 at 400 mg/kg b. wt drug concentration in contrast with 18.17 ± 3.19 in control group. The study revealed that the ME extract of S. glauca did not have direct potential cytotoxicity and tumour reducing ability.

Preliminary assessment on phytochemical composition, cytotoxic and antitumor efficacy of Simarouba glauca DC. leaf methanolic extract