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The placenta develops during pregnancy, attached to the wall of the mother’s uterus and connected with the fetus through umbilical cord; provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus and removes waste products from the fetal blood [1]. The growth of the fetus is effected by the placental adequacy and concentration of nutrients / oxygen in the maternal blood supplied to placental region [1]. Terminal villi of the placenta are the main functional components and take important role in fetomaternal transfer of substances. The vast majority of microvessels in placenta are situated in the terminal villi [2]. These microvessels in the placenta provide as a way to exchange of nutrients and metabolic products between mother and fetus [3, 4]. The exchange of waste products and nutrients in placenta takes place through the surface of capillaries by diffusion and active transport mechanisms. Hence surface area of microvessel wall is a crucial factor to decide the rate of transportation of substances. Any alteration of capillaries in terminal villi has straight effect on fetomaternal transfusion, fetal growth and development [5]. Development of fetus could be disturbed by placental insufficiency that can result to low birth weight, premature infants, and increased perinatal mortality and morbidity [69]. Placental size and microvessels’ quantity increase up to the end of the pregnancy as fetal nutrients requirements increase with gestational duration [1,10].

Correlations of morphometric placental microvessels parameters with birth weight.