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The protective role of melatonin in plants under abiotic stress has been reported, but little information is available on its mitigation effect on coffee ( Coffea arabica ) plants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin in coffee leaves under 3 months of drought stress treatment. Melatonin was found to alleviate the drought-induced damage in coffee through reducing the rate of chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage, malonaldehyde content, and activating various antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Melatonin application suppressed the expression of chlorophyll degradation gene  PAO  encoding pheophorbide  a  oxygenase, and upregulated the expression of photosynthetic gene  RBCS2  encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase (Rubisco) protein, and a drought-related gene  AREB  encoding abscisic acid-responsive element binding protein. The photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II under dark adaptation was also improved upon melatonin application in drought-stressed plants. Our results showed that both foliar spray and direct soil application of melatonin could improve drought tolerance by regulating photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative damage in  C. arabica  seedlings. This study provides insights in application of melatonin as a protective agent against drought stress in improvement of crop yields.

Exogenous Application of Melatonin Improves Drought Tolerance in Coffee by Regulating Photosynthetic Efficiency and Oxidative Damage