English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We report here the genetic characterization of bitter gourd based on polymorphisms 22 of 50 simple sequence repeat loci in 114 accessions that included landraces, breeding lines 23 and commercial open-pollinated and F1 hybrid cultivars widely grown in Asia. Neighbor24 joining (NJ) tree analysis revealed a high level of genetic variability in the collection. The 25 114 accessions formed three subpopulations represented by five clusters. Distribution of 26 accessions across the five clusters reflected their geographic origin to a large extent. South 27 Asian accessions originating from India, Bangladesh and Pakistan were more closely related 28 to each other than to any other geographical group. Likewise, Southeast Asian accessions that 29 originated from Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines grouped together. 30 Accessions that originated from Taiwan were genetically distinct and grouped separately. A 31 landrace from Laos was genetically close to the accessions from Thailand and genetically 32 distinct from the rest of the accessions. White-fruited genotypes were genetically distinct 33 from green and dark green-fruited genotypes. Low-and medium-bitter accessions were more 34 similar to each other than to the high-bitter genotypes. Accessions with cylindrical fruit were 35 genetically distinct from those with spindle or elongated fruit. Commercial cultivars in each 36 cluster were closely related, which indicated a narrowing of the bitter gourd genetic base in 37 Asia in response to market demands for uniformity and yield. Use of diverse germplasm 38 resources in bitter gourd breeding will help in sustainable breeding and production. 39

Diversity Among a Wide Asian Collection of Bitter Gourd Landraces and their Genetic Relationships with Commercial Hybrid Cultivars