English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Huanglongbing {HLB (associated with Candidatus Liberibacter sp. (CLas))} and asiatic citrus canker {ACC (causal organism Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (XCC))} are bacterial diseases that seriously threaten sustainability of the Florida citrus (Citrus sp.) industry. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) are highly susceptible to ACC and improvement through conventional breeding is a long-term process, making transgenic solutions attractive. No strong HLB resistance has been identified within cultivated citrus scion types: creation of transgenic citrus that would permit economic citrus production where HLB is endemic is a high priority. Little is known about the HLB pathosystem and thus broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been the focus for current work, and identification of safe and effective transgenes is essential to our efforts. In vitro assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 44 AMPs was conducted using Sinorhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens as surrogates for the unculturable CLas because they are closely related alpha proteobacteria(classAlphaproteobacteria).XCCisalsoagram-negativebacteriumandwasincludedintheseanalysesin anticipation that HLB and ACC resistance can beachievedwiththe same AMP transgeneif expressedusing non-tissue- specific promoters. Twenty AMPs from diverse sources were initially tested. AMPs with the lowest MICs included tachyplesin I from horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus), SMAP-29 from sheep (Ovis aries), D4E1 and D2A21 (which are synthetic AMPs derived through evaluation of critical amino acid residues in AMPs, overall peptide structure, and AMP effectiveness), the human (Homo sapiens) LL-37, and the honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom AMP melittin. These AMPsinhibitedgrowthofallthreetestbacterialspeciesat1 mMorless.Anadditional20syntheticAMPsweredesigned based on structures of the most effective AMPs and seven of these showed effectiveness at 1 mM or less across all three test bacteria. Most AMPs were comparable in effectiveness across the three bacterial species, but some species · AMP interactionswereobserved. Hemolytic activitywas assessedbyexposureof porcineerythrocytes (fromSus scrofa)tothe AMPs. Hemolysis from most AMPs was not significantly different from water, whereas melittin was highly hemolytic. Considerable effort is being devoted to developing trans- genic citrus with resistance to huanglongbing and asiatic citrus canker. These bacterial diseases seriously threaten the sustain- ability of the Florida citrus industry. No strong HLB resistance has been identified within cultivated citrus scion types, compelling significant effort to develop transgenic lines that permit economic citrus production where HLB is endemic. Kumquats (Fortunella sp.) are highly resistant to ACC and some mandarin (Citrus

Screening Antimicrobial Peptides In Vitro for Use in Developing Transgenic Citrus Resistant to Huanglongbing and Citrus Canker