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Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major agronomic problem in acid soils. Most studies regarding Al stress focus on phenomena occurring in the roots; however, less is known about the effects of Al stress on photosynthetic apparatus functionality. Our aim was to rank three highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivars according to their tolerance to acid and Al stresses. Additionally, the levels of Al toxicity for highbush blueberry were established. 'Brigitta', 'Legacy', and 'Bluegold' were grown in a greenhouse in hydroponic solutions containing different Al concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) for 0 to 48 h and were allowed to recover (without Al) over 24 h. In all Al-treated cultivars, root growth inhibition was found at the highest Al treatment. However, 'Brigitta' also showed root growth up to 75 mM Al. Photochemical parameters decreased substantially due to Al treatments in 'Bluegold' (up to 98% inhibition) and 'Legacy' (up to 80% inhibition) without total recovery. In contrast, 'Brigitta' showed a better photosystem II performance and root growth than the other cultivars. These results suggest that 'Brigitta' is the best cultivar for use in acid soils with Al toxicity, followed by 'Legacy'. 'Bluegold' was highly sensitive to Al stress. In addition, Al toxicity levels for blueberries depend on the genotype studied. In areas with high rainfall, soluble nutrients and other basic elements are solubilized from soils, with a concomitant pH decrease. Organic matter mineralization also results in a release of hydrogen ions (H + ), decreasing the pH of soils. H + releases Al as Al 3+ predominantly retained by the negative charges of clay minerals in equilibrium with the Al 3+ of the soil solution. Thus, the quantity of Al 3+ in the soil solution is augmented with soil acidity to levels that can be toxic to plants (Hede et al., 2001). Aluminum toxicity is a major agronomic problem in acid soils. Acid soils may account for as much as 50% of the world's potentially arable land (Dahlgren et al., 2004). This problem is exacerbated by the current extensive use of ammonium fertilizers and acid rain (von Uexkull and Mutert, 1995). Most studies regarding Al stress are focused on phenomena occurring in the roots because the effects of Al

Short-term Aluminum Stress Differentially Affects the Photochemical Efficiency of Photosystem II in Highbush Blueberry Genotypes