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ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. fl owering, PPF, photothermal ratio, PTR, photoperiod ABSTRACT. Varying photothermal ratios (PTR) were supplied to Salvia ×superba Stapf 'Blaukonigin' during pre-induc- tive vegetative development with the exception of a short germination period under uniform conditions. In addition, both unvernalized plants and plants receiving a saturating vernalization treatment of 6 weeks at 5 °C were given two photosynthetic photon fl ux (PPF) levels (50 or 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) during subsequent inductive 16-hour long days. There were no effects of PTR treatments during vegetative development on subsequent fl owering. However, the higher PPF level during inductive long days signifi cantly accelerated fl oral evocation in unvernalized plants, lowering the leaf number at fl owering. The effect was practically negligent after the vernalization requirement was saturated. In a sec- ond experiment, varying periods (4, 7, 10, and 14 days or until anthesis) at a PPF of 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 during 20-hour days were given at the beginning of a long-day treatment, either with or without preceding vernalization treatment. Flowering percentage increased considerably as the period at 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 was extended compared with plants grown at a lower PPF of 50 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 . However, the leaf number on fl owering plants was not affected, except in unvernalized plants receiving the highest PPF continuously until anthesis, where leaf number was reduced by almost 50%. We propose that the PPF-dependent fl owering is facilitated either by the rate of ongoing assimilation or rapid mobilization of stored carbohydrates at the time of evocation. Abortion of fl oral primordia under the lower PPF (50 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) irrespective of vernalization treatment indicates that the assimilate requirement for fl ower bud develop-

journal of the american society for horticultural science

Effect of Photosynthetic Photon Flux and Temperature on Floral Evocation and Development in the Vernalization-sensitive Ornamental Perennial Salvia ×superba `Blaukönigin'