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Although plants are envisioned to play a central role in life support systems for future long-duration space travel, plant growth in space has been problematic due to horticultural problems of nutrient delivery and gas resupply posed by the weightless environment. Iterative improvement in hardware designed for growth of plants on orbital plat- forms now provides confi dence that plants can perform well in microgravity, enabling investigation of their nutritional characteristics. Plants of B. rapa (cv. Astroplants) were grown in the Biomass Production System on the International Space Station. Flowers were hand-pollinated and seeds were produced prior to harvest at 39 days after planting. The material was frozen or fi xed while on orbit and subsequently analyzed in our laboratories. Gross measures of growth, leaf chlorophyll, starch and soluble carbohydrates confi rmed comparable performance by the plants in spacefl ight and ground control treatments. Analysis of glucosinolate production in the plant stems indicated that 3-butenylglucosinolate concentration was on average 75% greater in fl ight samples than in ground control samples. Similarly, the biochemical make-up of immature seeds produced during spacefl ight and fi xed or frozen while in orbit was signifi cantly different from the ground controls. The immature seeds from the spacefl ight treatment had higher concentrations of chlorophyll, starch, and soluble carbohydrates than the ground controls. Seed protein was signifi cantly lower in the spacefl ight material. Microscopy of immature seeds fi xed in fl ight showed embryos to be at a range of developmental stages, while the ground control embryos had all reached the premature stage of development. Storage reserve deposition was more advanced in the ground control seeds. The spacefl ight environment thus infl uences B. rapa metabolite production in ways that may affect fl avor and nutritional quality of potential space produce.

Seed Storage Reserves and Glucosinolates in Brassica rapa L. Grown on the International Space Station