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Bermudagrass (Cynodon L.C. Rich.) is grown on more than 4 million ha in the southern United States. The black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel) is the most commonly encountered pest of bermudagrass, especially on golf course greens. Developing insect-resistant cultivars is a very desirable substitute, both environmentally and economi- cally, to using current synthetic pesticides. Here we report, for the fi rst time, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of ʻArizona Commonʼ common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) with the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner cry1Ac gene encoding an endotoxin active against black cutworm. Mature seeds were used for producing embryogenic callus, and calli were transformed with a plasmid containing a synthetic cry1Ac and the kanamycin resistance (nptII) genes. Putative transgenic calli and plantlets were selected on media containing 100 and 50 mg·L -1 G418, respectively. RNA-blot analysis of PCR-positive lines revealed the expression of the cry1Ac transgene in three out of fi ve putative transgenic lines. The larvae fed on transgenic plant leaves experienced highly signifi cant (over 80%) mortality.

Expression of the cry1Ac in `Arizona Common' Common Bermudagrass via Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation and Control of Black Cutworm