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Selfed progenies were generated using 10 day-neutral genotypes from the University of California (UC) strawberry breeding program as parents and their offspring were classifi ed for late-summer fl owering response. The grandparents of each selfed progeny included one of four day-neutral genotypes and one of eight short-day genotypes. Under the null hypothesis of genetic control by a single locus with the allele for day-neutrality dominant to the allele for short-day fl owering response, all of these day-neutral parent genotypes must be heterozygous and their selfed off- spring were expected to fi t a 3:1 ratio of day-neutral : short-day phenotypes. The percentage of day-neutral offspring observed over all progenies was 70.9%, and was signifi cantly smaller than the expected value of 75% (χ²1 = 5.08, P < 0.02). The percentage of day-neutral offspring for individual progenies ranged from 41.4% to 84.8%, and highly signifi cant heterogeneity was detected among progenies (χ²9 = 40.3, P < 0.01). Selfed progeny means for the cumulative late-summer fl owering score calculated using the day-neutral fraction of offspring varied from 1.31 to 2.35 and prog- eny means for the number of infl orescences per plant ranged from 3.5 to 9.9; these differences among progenies were highly signifi cant (P < 0.01). These observations can be used to conclusively reject the hypothesis that day-neutrality in this domestic strawberry population is controlled by a single locus. The genetics of photoperiod insensitivity, or day-neutrality, for fl owering in domestic strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) has been studied extensively due to its importance in commercial production systems (see Hancock et al., 2002, for a summary). Despite substantial research effort on this topic dating to the early 1900s, experiments have provided confl icting results and the mode of inheritance for photoperiodism in strawberry remains largely unresolved. Although environmental factors can have large effects on the induction, development, and differentiation of infl orescences in strawberry, the presence or absence of late-summer fl owering often permits discrete classifi cation of genotypes. The best fi t to a categorical model postulating simple inheritance of pho- toperiodism was provided by the extensive results obtained by Ahmadi et al. (1990), where segregation ratios for a number of cross types fi t an hypothesis of genetic control by a single locus with the allele for day-neutrality dominant to the allele for short-day fl owering response. The results of Scott (1936) also suggested simple inheritance of day-neutrality, although the al- lele for photoperiod insensitivity was postulated to be recessive rather than dominant. Classifi cation of genotypes as short-day or day-neutral in these and other studies was based on several different evaluation methods, results were obtained in differing locations and test environments, and it is unclear which criteria were applied in each experiment. Taken together, these studies provide inconclusive and somewhat contradictory evidence for classical segregation of photoperiodism.

journal of the american society for horticultural science

Heterogeneity of Segregation Ratios from Selfed Progenies Demonstrate Polygenic Inheritance for Day Neutrality in Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.)