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Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to analyze the relationships between sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars and selections from the breeding program at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre in Summerland, Canada. Six pairs of preselected primers were used for the analysis of a total of 67 cultivars and selections. Scoring the absence and presence of 118 polymorphic DNA fragments produced a unique binary code for each cultivar and selection. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed using these 118 polymorphic fragments, one tree for 55 related cultivars and selections from the Summerland breeding program and the other for 23 self-incompatible cultivars of differing origins. The reliability of AFLP DNA fingerprints was confirmed by correlating relationships revealed by AFLP profiles with known genetic relationships of some sweet cherry cultivars and by a blind test for cultivar identification. Results indicate that AFLP analysis is a good technique to evaluate genetic distance and relationships in a sweet cherry breeding population. New cultivars of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) have become increasingly important in the growing acreage of com- mercial planting in Canada as well as around the world. Replacing old cultivars such as Bing, Van, Lambert and Stella are a series of new late-ripening, self-fertile cultivars, including Lapins and Sweetheart developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Summerland, BC, Canada (Kappel and Lay, 1997). Managing these cultivars and the large resources associated with their development has become an increasing responsibility for a breeding program. There is a strong demand for a rapid and reliable method of cultivar identification for Plant Breeder's Rights (PBR) registra- tion and protection. Traditionally, the establishment of distinct- ness, uniformity and stability of varieties has been based on morphological descriptors and phenotypic characters in compari- son with a full reference collection. However, morphological traits and horticultural characteristics are easily affected by environmental factors and become less discerning as the number of cultivars to be tested increases. In practice, full pedigree information on cultivars is usually not available, and morphologi- cal traits are not always appropriate because unrelated cultivars and closely related cultivars can display the same morphological characteristics. As an alternative to the morphological features, biochemical characteristics such as isozymes (Santi and Lemoine, 1990; Boskovic et al., 1997; Pashkoulov et al., 2000) have been useful for the determination of cultivar identities. However, the number of polymorphisms revealed by isozyme analysis is lim- ited in sweet cherry and not all sweet cherry cultivars tested can be discriminated (Tobutt and Boskovic, 1996). With the develop- ment of molecular techniques and the increase of data processing power, DNA markers have become the most reliable source of information for characterizing genotypes and identifying culti- vars. Such DNA fingerprinting methods include the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (Tanksley et

Genetic Analysis and Discrimination of Sweet Cherry Cultivars and Selections Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprints