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Epicuticular waxes were analyzed to explain the visible differences in the waxy bloom of conditioned broccoli ( Brassica oleracea  L. Group  Italica  `Green Duke') transplants. Seedlings (22 days old) were subjected to brushing (40 cycles per minute, 1 minute twice daily), wind (7 m·s -1  for 5 minutes twice daily), or moisture-stress conditioning (MSC; visible wilt for 2 to 4 hours daily) for 16 (1987) or 21 (1988) days during transplant production in the greenhouse. The epicuticular waxes of the uppermost fully expanded leaves were removed by dipping detached leaves into methylene chloride. The extract was derivatized with trimethylsilyl reagents and subjected to capillary gas chromatography. The primary epicuticular wax components were the nonpolar C 29  compounds nonacosane, nonacosan-15-ol, and nonacosan-15-one, which were identified by mass spectrometry. In a Summer 1987 experiment, cuticle samples taken over time of treatment indicated acclimation to the conditioning treatments relative to untreated plants. After 9 days of treatment, the amount of total epicuticular waxes present on the leaves was reduced 38%, 31%, or 11% by wind, brushing, or MSC, respectively. However, after 15 days of treatment, the amount of cuticle present was reduced 15% by brushing but only 6% by wind and was 17% greater in MSC-treated plants. Two weeks after transplanting to the field there were no differences in the amount or composition of the epicuticular waxes. In Fall 1988, all treatments reduced plant growth, but only MSC tended to increase the amount of C 29  epicuticular components during greenhouse production. Differences in the amounts of epicuticular waxes were no longer significant after 8 days in the field.

Effect of Mechanical and Moisture-stress Conditioning on Growth and Cuticle Composition of Broccoli Transplants