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Temperature sensitivity of CO 2  assimilation (A CO2 ), dark respiration, and chlorophyll fluorescence was evaluated among three taxa of hollies including  I. aquifolium  L.,  I. cornuta  Lindl. &amp; Paxt., and  I. rugosa  Friedr. Schmidt. Variations in foliar heat tolerance among these species were manifested in temperature responses for A CO2 . Temperature optima of A CO2  for  I. rugosa, I. cornuta , and  I. aquifolium  were 22.0, 26.3, and 27.9 °C, respectively (LSD 0.05  = 2.9). Temperature responses of respiration were similar among taxa and did not appear to be contributing factors to variations in A CO2 . At 40 °C, potential photosynthetic capacity, measured under saturating CO 2 , was 4.1, 9.4, and 14.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1  for  I. rugosa, I. aquifolium , and  I. cornuta , respectively (LSD 0.05  = 5.1). Variations in the relative dark-acclimated fluorescence temperature curves were used to assess thresholds for irreversible heat injury. The critical fluorescence temperature threshold (T C ) was similar (48.0 °C) for all taxa. The fluorescence temperature peaks (T P ) were 52.0, 52.8, and 53.5 °C for  I. rugosa, I. cornuta , and  I. aquifolium , respectively (LSD 0.05  = 0.9). Based on these results,  I. rugosa  was the most heat-sensitive species, followed by  I. aquifolium  and  I. cornuta. Ilex cornuta  also had substantially greater potential photosynthetic capacity than the other species at 40 °C, indicating superior metabolic tolerance to high temperatures.

journal of the american society for horticultural science

Foliar Heat Tolerance of Three Holly Species (Ilex spp.): Responses of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Leaf Gas Exchange to Supraoptimal Leaf Temperatures